Also indexed
as: Spirulina
Blue-green algae, of which
spirulina is a well-known example, is a group of
1,500 species of microscopic aquatic plants. The
two most common species used for human
consumption are Spirulina maxima and
Spirulina platensis. Spirulina is
particularly rich in protein and also contains
carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, and essential
fatty
acids.1
Where is it
found?
Blue-green algae grow in some lakes,
particularly those rich in salts, in Central and
South America, and Africa. They are also grown
in outdoor tanks specifically to be harvested
for nutritional supplements.
Blue-green algae have been
used in connection with the following conditions
(refer to the individual
health concern for complete
information):
| Health
Concerns |
|
Weight loss and
obesity |
Who is likely to be
deficient?
As it
is not an essential nutrient, blue-green algae
is not associated with a deficiency state.
However, people who do not consume several
servings of vegetables per day could benefit
from the carotenoids and other nutrients in
blue-green algae. Since it is a complete
protein, it can be used in place of some of the
protein in a healthy diet. However, very large
amounts are required to provide significant
quantities of these nutrients from blue-green
algae.
How much is usually
taken?
Blue-green algae can be taken as a powder
or as flakes, capsules, or tablets. The typical
manufacturer’s recommended intake is 2,000–3,000
mg per day divided throughout the day. However,
typical amounts shown to have helpful properties
in animal studies would be equivalent to 34
grams per day or more, for a 150-pound
human.
Are there any side
effects or interactions?
Few
side effects have been reported from the
ingestion of blue-green algae. However, as
blue-green algae can accumulate heavy metals
from contaminated water, consuming blue-green
algae could increase the body’s load of lead,
mercury, and cadmium, though noncontaminated
blue-green algae have been identified. Another
popular species of blue-green algae,
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, has been
found to produce toxins. A few reports also
describe allergic reactions to blue-green algae.
Animal studies have found spirulina to be safe
during pregnancy.
There
is one case report of a man who developed liver
damage while taking spirulina. As he was also
talking three prescription medications, it is
not clear whether the spirulina caused or
contributed to the liver
injury.