Boldo
is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is
native to Chile and is naturalized to the
Mediterranean region of Europe. The leaves are
used medicinally.
Boldo has been used in
connection with the following conditions (refer to the individual health
concern for complete
information):
Health
Concerns
Indigestion and
heartburn
Historical or
traditional use (may or
may not be supported by scientific
studies)
Boldo has a long history of use by the
indigenous people of Chile, as a liver tonic and
in the treatment of
gallstones
Active
constituents
Boldo
contains several types of primary constituents,
including volatile oils (for example,
ascaridole, eucalyptol), flavonoids, and
alkaloids. Boldine, which constitutes about
one-fourth of the total number of alkaloids
present, is the major alkaloid. Scientists
believe that boldine is responsible for the
plant’s choloretic (bile stimulating) and
diuretic actions. In conjunction with other
herbs, such as cascara, rhubarb, and gentian,
boldo has been reported to improve appetite.
Ascaridole, a compound found in the volatile oil
of the plant, has been used as an anti-parasitic
agent but is no longer recommended due its to
toxic side effects.
How much is usually
taken?
Tinctures that are free of ascaridoles
are sometimes recommended. People may take 1 ml
of tincture three times per day. Volatile oil of
boldo is not recommended due to its high
ascaridole content. The dried
leaf can be used as an infusion at 3 grams per
day.
Are there any side
effects or interactions?
The
German Commission E monograph suggests that only
an ascaridole-free preparation should be used
internally. Boldo contains terpene-4-ol, an
ingredient similar to that found in juniper, and
should be avoided by people with kidney disease,
as it could cause kidney irritation. In addition, the herb should not be
taken during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It
should also be avoided by people who have
obstruction of the liver bile duct, or severe
liver disease.There is one case
report of liver damage occurring in a person
taking a laxative containing boldo. The herb was
suspected, though not proven, to be the
cause. Excessive use of the
herb over long time periods (more than three to
four weeks continuously) is not
recommended.
